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CalendariumFeriae Romanae


fastisRomanisnonasIndex dierum calendarii RomaniEtruscaVarroEtruscosSabinosMacrobiusetymologiamIoviflamine dialinefasti44 a.C.n.senatoribus







Fasti Antiates Maiores : EIDVS omni mense notantur.


Idus (iduum, plurale tantum, fem.)[1] in fastis Romanis erant dies mensis[2] feriatus cum plenilunio antiquitus congruens, mox tamen, postquam annus ad cursum solis aptatus est, non iam cum plenilunio congruens sed medio mense celebratus, ita ut ceteris quidem mensibus tertius decimus, mensibus vero Martio, Maio, Iulio, Octobri quintus decimus dies in mense esset.


In computatione Romana dies inter nonas et idus positi retrorsus ab idibus numerabantur ita : pridie idus, ante diem III idus etc. usque ad ante diem VIII idus. Exempli gratia : dies 11 Septembris = ante diem III idus Septembres. De quo plura si vis accipere,vide : Index dierum calendarii Romani


Secundum auctores antiquos hoc vocabulum e lingua Etrusca sumptum est : Varro enim adfirmat hunc diem Etruscos "itus", Sabinos idus[3] vocasse. Macrobius etiam addidit "iduare" verbum apud Tuscos dividere significasse ac diem ita nominatum quod mensem divideret in duas partes. Quod hodie scilicet nec probari nec refelli potest. Nonnulli eruditi moderni etymologiam indo-europaeam quaesiverunt, non tamen ita ut consensum peritorum assequerentur.


Omnes idus Iovi sacratae erant, cui ove (quae "ovis idulis" dicebatur) a flamine diali sacrificabatur : itaque idus dies nefasti[4] erant.


Idus Martiae celebres factae sunt, quod eo die anno 44 a.C.n. dictator Caesar a senatoribus coniuratis interfectus est.



Notae |



  1. ↑ In antiquis fastis scribuntur EIDUS vel EID.


  2. ↑ Vocabulum "mensis" ipsum e radice ductum est quae lunam designabat. Confer anglice Moon et Month, theodisce Mond et Monat, graece Μήν et Μήνη.


  3. ↑ Vocabulum Sabinum fortasse corruptum est in manuscriptis : cur enim ita loquatur Varro, si nomen idem apud Sabinos fuisset atque apud Romanos.


  4. ↑ N vel NP in fastis notabantur.





FONTES |



  • Macrobius, libro primo Saturnaliorum, capite 15.


  • Ovidius, Fasti libro primo versus 56 et 587-588..


  • Varro, libro sexto de Lingua latina capitulo 28.


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