Tephra Notae | Tabula navigationis

PetrologiaVulcanologia


vulcanicasaxum pyroclasticumtofus cinereusstratosphaera




Tephra (-ae, f.) generatim materiem eruptione vulcanica traiectam, omnium compositionum, omniumque magnitudinum significat. Tephrae genera ita constituuntur:



  • Cinis, particulae diametri minoris 2 mm.


  • Lapilli, inter 2 et 64 mm diametro.


  • Pyroboli lavici, maiores quam 64 mm diametro.

Vulcanologi etiam fragmenta volantia "pyroclastos" vel "clastos" nominant. Prostrati, pyroclasti adhuc dicuntur esse tephra, nisi adeo calent ut simul confluant et saxum pyroclasticum vel tofus cinereus confiant. Tephrae dispositio eruptione peracto solet ita esse ut quo maiores lapides, eo citiores cadunt, itemque eo propiores sipunculo? iacent, minimis fragmentis saepe longissime proietis; cineres nonnumquam in stratosphaera multas septimanas manent, ut milia milium passuum recidant.


Et tephra et pyroclastus sunt voces Graecae, nam τέφρα significat 'cinis' et πυρόκλαστος 'fractus igne'.[1]



Notae |



  1. ↑ Confer Plinii Minoris Epistulas, 6.16.11: "etiam nigrique et ambusti et fracti igne lapides," quibus verbis sine dubio pyrobolos lavicos significat.







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