Empirismus Index Historia | Empirismi notae | Nexus interni Notae | Nexus externus | Tabula navigationisRationalismus vs. Empirismus apud Encyclopaediam Philosophiae Stanfordiensis

EmpirismusEpistemologiaMotus philosophiciPhilosophia


doctrinaphilosophicascientiaexperientiaGraecemathematicisMoresphilosophisduoAristotelesIoannes LockiusAvicennaPersicusmentemtabulae rasaeMundoIlluminationis1600Ecclesiae RomanaerationalismumveritatemSaeculisseptimo decimoduodevigicensimoBritannicicontinentisEuropaeIoannes LockiusGeorgius BerkeleyDavid HumiusBritannicorumRenatus CartesiusAnglice1689a posterioria priori




Empirismus[1] est doctrina philosophica secundum quam vera et valida scientia illa tantum erit, quae oriatur ex experientia (Graece ἐμπειρία) sensibus percepta numerisque exprimatur; aliis verbis, vera scientia confirmatur re manifesta, praeceptis describitur mathematicis. Itaque qui empirismum profitentur, negant esse cognitionem aliquam innatam. Mores antiqui ideo tradunt scientiam validam, dummodo confirmabuntur indicia.




Index





  • 1 Historia

    • 1.1 Inceptio empirismi philosophi


    • 1.2 Empirismus Britannicus



  • 2 Empirismi notae


  • 3 Nexus interni


  • 4 Notae


  • 5 Nexus externus




Historia |


Empirismus a philosophis multis advocatus est, ex quibus duo sunt Aristoteles et Ioannes Lockius, qui in potestate rationis cum empirismus crediderunt, non contra eum.



Inceptio empirismi philosophi |


Avicenna, philosophus Persicus, mentem dixit humanum tabulae rasae esse similem, quae nuperrime nata omnino est vacua. Mundo autem cognoto mens facta est potenta de rebus universalibus ratiocinari.


Aetas Illuminationis 1600 annis erat per modum? empirismi. Antea scholastici Ecclesiae Romanae crediderant se posse omnia veritatis scire sola ratione, sine experientia, et per sapientiam auctoritatis antiquorum. Multi tamen nunc cogitant scientificos hodiernos uti solo empirismo sine ratione ut requirant veritates mundi; credunt ambos, rationalismum et empirismum, necesse ad veritatem intellegendam esse.



Empirismus Britannicus |





Ioannes Lockius, primus empiricorum Britannicorum.


Saeculis septimo decimo et duodevigicensimo saepe empirici Britannici et rationalistae continentis Europae de exsistentia idearum innatarum inter se disputabant. Ioannes Lockius et Georgius Berkeley et David Humius primi sunt empiricorum Britannicorum.


Lockius respondens ad rationalismum, cuius defensor primus erat Renatus Cartesius (cuius autem philosophia non erat sola philosophia apud rationalistas), scripsit opus nuncupatum Tractatus de Humana Cognotione (Anglice An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1689), quo omnem humanam scientiam ex experientia venire (sive "scientia est a posteriori, non a priori") demonstravit.



Empirismi notae |



  • Realitas primum et maximum obtinet momentum;

  • Veritas, quam homo attingat, non est absoluta;

  • Veritas et potest et debet probari semper;

  • Facta probatione, veritas aut confirmatur, aut mutatur, aut corrigitur, aut relinquitur;

  • Nulla cognitio est innata;

  • Quod inspici, observari computarique non potest, non est;

  • Maximi momenti est inspectio et comprobatio rerum;

  • Instrumenta, quibus homo inspicit et comprobat veritatem, sunt humana, et ideo, manca et caduca.

Nexus interni



  • Cogitatio libera

  • Epistemologia

  • Experientia

  • Rationalismus

  • Aristoteles

  • Ioannes Lockius

  • Georgius Berkeley

  • David Humius

  • Philosophia scientiae

  • Pragmatismus

  • Positivismus

  • Sensualismus



Notae |



  1. ↑ S. Axters, Scholastiek lexicon Latijn-Nederlandsch (Antwerpen: Geloofsverdediging, 1937).



Nexus externus |



  • Rationalismus vs. Empirismus apud Encyclopaediam Philosophiae Stanfordiensis .mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a,.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a:visitedcolor:gray.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.newcolor:#ba0000.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new:visitedcolor:#a55858
    (Anglice)








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