Polus arcticus Index Definitio | Nexus interni Notae | Bibliographia | Nexus externi | Tabula navigationis"Russian sub plants flag at North Pole,"«Наутилус» у Северного полюсаAt the North Pole, 6–7 April 1909: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage WebFinding the North Pole.Paradise Found: A Cradle of the Human Race at the North Pole: A Study of the Prehistoric World.The Oddest Place on Earth: Rediscovering the North Pole.Aestas perplexa Arctica 2003,Aestas brevis Arctica 2004,Concilium Arcticum"Daylight, Darkness and Changing of the Seasons at the North Pole,"FAQ de Arctica et Polo SeptentrionaliForum Septentrionale"Meltdown: Ice Cracks at North Pole.""The North Pole Was Here: Puzzles and Perils at the Top of the World,""North Pole Observatory Expedition,""North Pole Web Cam""Polar Controversies Still Rage," commentarius a Roderick Eime scriptus,"Review of surface melting from 2002 to the present revealed by the North Pole Web Cam,""Video of scientists on sea ice at the North Pole as it begins to crack underfoot,""Video of the Nuclear Icebreaker Yamal visiting the North Pole in 2001,"

AstronomiaRegio ArcticaGeographia CanadaeNavigatioPoli


hemisphaerio septentrionaliaxis ambitus terrestrissuperficiemtellurisaxe magnetico septentrionaliseptentrionalissimusPolum australemGeodeticamlatitudinemaequatorialemseptentrionum verorummeridiemmassa terrestricontinentaliOceano Arcticoaquasglacie marinaUnio SovieticaRussiastationes fluitantes habitatasaedificaveruntglaciecontractum ArcticumMir submersibile2007altitudinemmarisUSS Nautilus1958terraInsula KaffeklubbenGroenlandiaelituschiliometraAlertRegione QikiqtaalukNunavutCanadasuperficiemsaeculo duodevicensimoLeonardus Eulermathematicussaeculum vicensimumastronomisuperficiemmetraunumdierumoctomensiumvacillationem Chandleranamaxis australismagnitudinisPolus arcticusCirculus ArcticusCancri tropicusLinea aequinoctialisCapricorni tropicusCirculus AntarcticusPolus Australis






Conspectus in axem septentrionalem.


Polus arcticus[1][2][3][4] et polus glacialis,[5] simpliciter polus,[6] sive axis[7][8] et axis borealis[9] vel axis septentrionalis,[10][11] est locus in hemisphaerio septentrionali situm ubi axis ambitus terrestris superficiem telluris obit. Cum axe magnetico septentrionali non confundendus est.





Circuli paralleli et axis septentrionalis.


Axis est septentrionalissimus Telluris locus, diametrice? contra Polum australem situs. Geodeticam latitudinem 90° septentrionalem supra lineam aequatorialem atque cursum septentrionum verorum definit. Apud axem arcticum, omnes cursus ad meridiem conducunt. Cum omnes lineae longitudinis ibi convergant, longitudo eius qualibet aestimatione definiri potest.


Cum axis australis in massa terrestri continentali iaceat, polus arcticus in medio Oceano Arctico situs est, inter aquas quae glacie marina semper fluitanti paene continenter conteguntur. Itaque statio perennis in axe arctico aedificari non potest (quod secus est in axe australi); Unio Sovietica autem, et deinde Russia, nonnullas stationes fluitantes habitatas aedificaverunt quae polum transierunt vel eidem appropinquaverunt. Aliquae studia recentioribus annis praedicaverunt axem arcticum a glacie vacuum ad tempus ob contractum Arcticum futurum esse, per tempora quae a nonnullos annos ad quinquaginta annos vel plus variantur.


Mir submersibile Russicum anno 2007[12]altitudinem maris apud Polum arcticum 4261 metrorum, et USS Nautilus anno 1958 4087 metrorum (13 410 pedum) metitus est.[13][14] Proxima terra dicitur Insula Kaffeklubben, ante septentrionale Groenlandiae litus circa 700 chiliometra procul, quamquam nonnulla vada glarei non perennia propius fortasse iacent. Proximus locus perenne habitatus Alert in Regione Qikiqtaaluk Nunavut in Canada est, circa 817 chiliometra ab axe sita.




Index





  • 1 Definitio


  • 2 Nexus interni


  • 3 Notae


  • 4 Bibliographia


  • 5 Nexus externi




Definitio |




Tabula Poli arctici Gerardi Mercatoris, 1595.





Fram, navis Nansen, in glacie arctica manet.




Grex sledge Peary "apud polum arcticum," 1909. A laeva: Ooqueah, Ootah, Henson, Egingwah, Seeglo.[15]




Navis glacifraga Arktika, navis superficialis quae prima polum arcticum attigit.





Ioannes Papanin apud stationem fluitantem Polum arcticum 1 stat, 1937.





USS Skate apud polum arcticum restat, 1959.


Axis ambitus Telluris, atque ergo locus axis septentrionalis, latissime putabatur fixus (quod ad superficiem Telluris spectat), donec, saeculo duodevicensimo, Leonardus Euler mathematicus praedicavit axem aliquantulum vacillare posse. Circa saeculum vicensimum ineuntem, astronomi parvam variationem latitudinis manifestam observaverunt. Pars huius variationis errori axis trans superficiem telluris tribui potest, trans pauca metra. Hic error habet nonnulla elementa sollemnia et unum elementum inaequabile. Elementum cui est tempus circa 435 dierum idem putatur erroris octo mensium ab Euler praedicati, quod nunc vacillationem Chandleranam appellatur, ex eius inventore. Exacta decussatio axis telluris locique superficiei telluris, quolibet momento temporis, polus praesens appellatur; sed ob vacillationem, hic locus pro definitione axis septentrionalis fixi (aut vicissim axis australis) non potest cum subtilitas magnitudinis paucorum metrorum requiritur.


Nexus interni


  • Expeditio Polaris

  • Humbertus Nobile

  • Polus Australis

  • Stella Polaris


Notae |



  1. ↑ Gerardus Mercator (1595); vide tabulam infra.


  2. ↑ Thomas Morell et John Carey, An Abridgement of Ainsworth's Dictionary (1829).


  3. ↑ Reijo Pitkäranta, Lexicon Finnico-Latino-Finnicum (WSOY, 2001).


  4. ↑ Ebbe Vilborg, Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok, andra upplagan (Holmiae: Norstedts akademiska förlag, 2009).


  5. ↑ Ov. M. 2, 173. Etiam polus gelidus, Ov. H. 18, 152.


  6. ↑ Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 15, in Lewis & Short, s.v. "polus," in A Latin Dictionary; Founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary (1879).


  7. ↑ Lucr. 6, 720; Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; Verg. G. 2, 271; 3, 351; Ov. P. 4, 7, 2; Manil. 4, 589: in Lewis & Short, s.v. "axis," in A Latin Dictionary; Founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary (1879).


  8. ↑ "Either of the two poles, the north pole especially": Thomas Morell et John Carey, An Abridgement of Ainsworth's Dictionary (1829).


  9. ↑ Re vera axis Borealis: Thomas Morell et John Carey, An Abridgement of Ainsworth's Dictionary (1829).


  10. ↑ D. P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin Dictionary (Novi Eboraci: Wiley Publishing, 1968), 793.


  11. ↑ John C. Traupman, The Bantam New College Latin and English Dictionary, ed. 3a (Novi Eboraci: Bantam Books, 2007), 621.


  12. ↑ "Russian sub plants flag at North Pole," Reuters, 2 Augusti 2007.


  13. ↑ William Anderson, «Наутилус» у Северного полюса (Воениздат, 1965).


  14. ↑ M. W. Mouton, The International Regime of the Polar Regions (Acadimie de Droit International de La Ha, 1968), 202 (34).


  15. ↑ At the North Pole, 6–7 April 1909: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web, www.heritage.nf.ca; accessus 28 Ianuarii 2014.



Bibliographia |


  • Berger, Frank. 2007. Frankfurt und der Nordpol—Forscher und Entdecker im ewigen Eis. Francofurti: Schriften des Historischen Museums, Frankfurt am Main, 26. Petropoli: Michael Imhof Verlag. ISBN 9783865682857.

  • Canobbio, Eric. 2011. Mondes arctiques, miroirs de la mondialisation. Lutetiae: La Documentation française, coll. "Documentation photographique." ISBN 3303331280804.

  • Chazournes, Yves de. 2010. L'Aventure des Pôles. Lutetiae: Éditions Place des Victoires. ISBN 9782809901559.

  • Cheers, Gordon. 2003. Geographica: El gran atlas del mundo ilustrado. Könemann. ISBN 3897319144.

  • Fleming, Fergus. 2004. Neunzig Grad Nord: Der Traum vom Pol. Piper. ISBN 3492242057.

  • Frederick, Albert, et Robert E. Peary Cook, et George W. Melville. 2003. Finding the North Pole. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1592280722.

  • Fairfield, William. 1885. Paradise Found: A Cradle of the Human Race at the North Pole: A Study of the Prehistoric World. Houghton, Mifflin. ISBN 0665377592.

  • Imbert, Bertrand, et Claude Lorius. 1987, 2006. Le grand défi des pôles. Lutetiae: Gallimard. Découvertes Gallimard (nº 15). ISBN 9782070763320.

  • Instituto Geográfico Militar de Chile. 2002. Atlas Geográfico para la Educación. Instituto Geográfico Militar. ISBN 9562020533.

  • Pal, Christopher. 2002. The Oddest Place on Earth: Rediscovering the North Pole. Writer's Showcase. ISBN 0595214541.

  • Schmitz-Eggen, Lars. 2007. Verschollen im Packeis: Die 2. deutsche Nordpolarfahrt 1869/70. Norderstedt: Books on Demand. ISBN 9783833468773.

  • Seidler, Christoph. 2009. Arktisches Monopoly. Der Kampf um die Rohstoffe der Polarregion. Monaci: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. ISBN 9783421044150.

  • Strathmann, Heinz. Auf Mokassins zum Nordpol. Die Geschichte und Hintergründe eines kalten Abenteuers: Fakten zu Nordpol und Nordpol-Entdeckungen. Books on Demand. ISBN 9783831107179.

  • Veer, Gerrit de, et Xavier de Castro. 1996. Prisonniers des glaces: les expéditions de Willem Barentsz (1594-1597). Lutetiae: Ed. Unesco. ISBN 9782906462229, OCLC 36638016.

  • Vernay, Pierre. 2007. Tragédies polaires. Lutetiae: Arthaud. ISBN 9782700396744, OCLC 182615966.


Nexus externi |






Commons-logo.svg
Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Polum septentrionalem spectant.


  • Aestas perplexa Arctica 2003, www.arctic.noaa.gov


  • Aestas brevis Arctica 2004, www.arctic.noaa.gov


  • Concilium Arcticum www.arctic-council.org


  • "Daylight, Darkness and Changing of the Seasons at the North Pole," www.arctic.noaa.gov


  • FAQ de Arctica et Polo Septentrionali www.arctic.noaa.gov


  • Forum Septentrionale www.northernform.org

  • Goudarzi, Sara, ""Meltdown: Ice Cracks at North Pole." Septembre 2006, LiveScience; accessum 29 Ianuarii 2007.


  • "The North Pole Was Here: Puzzles and Perils at the Top of the World," www.nytimes.com


  • "North Pole Observatory Expedition," apud polardiscovery.whoi.edu


  • "North Pole Web Cam" www.arctic.noaa.gov


  • "Polar Controversies Still Rage," commentarius a Roderick Eime scriptus, www.monolith.com.au


  • "Review of surface melting from 2002 to the present revealed by the North Pole Web Cam," www.arctic.noaa.gov


  • "Video of scientists on sea ice at the North Pole as it begins to crack underfoot," video.google.com


  • "Video of the Nuclear Icebreaker Yamal visiting the North Pole in 2001," www.youtube.com



Circuli paralleli singulares


Polus arcticus • Circulus Arcticus • Cancri tropicus • Linea aequinoctialis • Capricorni tropicus • Circulus Antarcticus • Polus Australis











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