Dupondius Index De nominis origine | De corona radiata | Fontes | Notae | Nexus interniTabula navigationis

Nummi Romae antiquae


-i, m.nummusRomanusorichalcoassessestertiummetalloCiceronisaslege XII tabularumDivi Augusti PatrisTiberioCaligulaClaudiodenariisassibusImperator Nero64tetradrachmisVespasianoimperatoribusHadriano






Dupondius Didii Iuliani : Caput radiatum imperatoris / Fortuna cornucopiam et gubernaculum supra globum tenens.


Dupondius (-i, m.) erat nummus Romanus ex orichalco, qui duos asses valebat. Dimidiatum sestertium pendebat et valebat. Ab asse dinoscebatur metallo (as ex cupro fiebat), pondere (paulo gravior erat) et quod caput imperatoris coronam radiatam gestabat, non lauream. At uxores imperatorum numquam radiatae nec laureatae erant, quamquam in dupondiis earum effigies inveniri possunt.




Index





  • 1 De nominis origine


  • 2 De corona radiata


  • 3 Fontes


  • 4 Notae


  • 5 Nexus interni




De nominis origine |


Dupondius (nummus) dictus est quasi nummus qui duo pondo valet. Pondo enim ex antiquo vocabulo pondus,i,m ductus, ablativo semper casu prope mensuram ponderis in usu erat. Ex : argenti duodecim librae pondo. Ex usu frequenti vocabulum libra vulgo praetermitti coepit, ut in hoc exemplo Ciceronis : "auri quinque pondo abstulit"[1]. Romani primo pecunia aenea usi sunt et as libram aeris initio pependit. Ita locutio aeris duo pondo sive duas libras aeris sive duos asses designabat[2]. Item multae quae in lege XII tabularum in assibus numerantur ante tertium saec. a.C.n. potius in libris aeris quam in veris assibus constitisse verisimile est.



De corona radiata |




Dupondius Lucillae Augustae : nihil hunc nummum ab asse discernit nisi pondus (13,78g) quod gravius quam in asse videtur. Mulieres numquam radiatae sunt.


Primum caput "radiatum" in nummis Romanis fuit Divi Augusti Patris, id est Augusti iam mortui atque inter deos relati. Regnante Tiberio vel Caligula vel Claudio, hoc caput tam in denariis nonnullis quam in assibus aut dupondiis in memoriam conditoris novi principatus invenitur. Imperator Nero primus omnium vivus adhuc caput suum radiatum in nummis post 64 exprimi iussit, non tantum in assibus et dupondiis sed etiam in tetradrachmis quibusdam orientalibus.
Consuetudo vero dupondii capite radiato secernendi ab asse capite laureato insigni, a Vespasiano primo instituta, a posterioribus imperatoribus vulgo usurpata est, excepto Hadriano qui persaepe capite nudo vel laureato in nummis expressus est, perraro autem radiato.


Nota bene feminas (uxores vel filias vel etiam matres imperatorum saepe in nummis expressas) numquam coronam radiatam gerere, non magis quam heredes imperio consociatos : Augusto ipsi enim tantum hic honos concedebatur.



Fontes |



  • Gaius Institutiones I,122 : « ... unde etiam dupondius dictus est quasi duo pondo quod nomen adhuc in usu retinetur."


  • Varro Ling. Lat. V,36 : “... dupondius ab duobus ponderibus, quod unum pondus assipondium dicebatur ; id ideo quod as erat libra pondo."


Notae |



  1. ↑ Pro Cluentio 179


  2. ↑ Simili modo vocabulum anglicum "pound" et pondus et monetam designat. Quod et ipsum e latino vocabulo pondus ductum est.


Nexus interni


  • Antoninianus

  • As

  • Aureus

  • Denarius

  • Quadrans

  • Quadrigatus

  • Quinarius

  • Semis

  • Sestertius


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